Philip k



v (No Model.)`

P. K. STERN.

INGANDESGENT ELECTRIC LAMP.'

No. 822,488. `Patented July 21, 1885.

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PHILIP Ic sTnnN, or TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

INCANDESCENT' ELECTRIC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 322,498, dated July 21, 1885. Application flod November 15, i884. (No model.)

To all. whom, it Iii/ay concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP K. STERN, of the city of Toronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric lamps, and it consists in the peculiar combinations and the construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

Figure l is a view showing a globe containing a cluster of lamps constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a perspec iive view showing a wall-bracket supporting aglobe similar to that shown in Fig. 1. Fig; 3 is an enlarged view showing the lamp as rep resented in Figs.` l aud2. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of my 'improved lamp made in a horseshoe form. Fig. 5 shows my improved lamp arranged on the arc system.

In incandescent lamps as now usually made the carbon pencil is suspended within a globe either having the air exhausted from it or filled with suitable gas. In both these systems of incandescent lamps the carbon is in time consumed, it being impossible to keep the air entirely out of the globe. In my system I connect the filament or carbon pencil A with wires B G of platinum or other suitable material. The carbon pencil A thus connected to the wires B C is placed within a solid piece of glass, D, by melting the glass around it. This may be done by making the piece of glass D in two halves-one half being cast first. The carbon pencil A, with its wires B C, is then 4placed on the face of the glass and the mold placed over it, which mold is then filled up with molten glass,which completely surrounds the pencil A and its wires B C, effectually excluding all air from the carbon, which, being connected to the electric current by the wires B C, an incandescent light may be produced. Y

In Fig. 5 I show the form of my improved lamp when arranged to produce an arc light. In this the arrangement is exactly the same, except that the carbon pencil A is divided in the center. The carbon will of course crumble away in producing an arc light; but as it is contained within an air-tight case, in fact,

`within a solid piece of glass, the carbon crum- .the current, or using what is known as an alternative 7 current, the position of the arc can be kept about stationary. This feature, ,however, isl not broadly claimed in this case, as it will form the subject-matter of a separate application. i

VWhen the light is in action, the glass D will of course become heated. I therefore make provision to prevent it cooling off too suddenly. With that view I provide a closed tube, E, arranged to be hermetically sealed and containing the glass D. The air contained within this hermetically-sealed tube E forms a protecting-wall around the heated glass D preventing it from cooling off too suddenly l when the currentis cut off. Besides this there is a further advantage in my use of this outer shield or tube, E. I have found that when the filament contained in the glass D becomes incandescent the glass also becomes heated. and thus expands so as to become detached from the carbon, and thus renders the latter liable to burn out or disintegrate. ing the glass D within the outer glass or tube, E, and keeping up the'pressure of air,`there is no possibility of the glass separating from the carbon, because the heated condition of the glass D expands the air between said glass and the tube E, and thus increases-the pressure on the glass D, whereby the latter is forced back upon the surface of a filament, thus always keeping said filament confined in a small space, and the surface of the glass and filament in contact, whereby the latter cannot become disintegrated so as to break the connection.

In Fig. 4 I show the same system, but the carbon is made in a horseshoe form, and the solid glass D containing it is correspondingly By inclosshaped, and the tube E becomes a globe in wall-bracket, Gr. With the View of connect i ing this cluster together I provide two rings, c and b, made of any suitable material, and pierced with holes to allow the wires B C,pro

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jecting from each lamp,to extend through, as indicated in Figs. l and 2. When the cluster of lamps is arranged on a wall-bracket, as shown in Fig. 2, I can arrange the cut-off cock so that the lamps can be lighted separatelyor collectively. As shown in Fig. 2, there are four lamps suspended within the globe. The cut-off cock H is arranged to throw the current so that two or four lamps will be lighted, or the whole four cut off. As shown in the drawings, the current does not pass into the lamp, the non-conducting material c being in contact. The rings d and e are so arranged that by turning the cock the ring d will connect with the two lower wires and throw the lamps connected to them in circuit; or, if the cock is turned alittlefurther the rings ethrow the upper wires in circuit, and thereby light the lamps connected to them.

Although I refer to embedding' the carbon in glass it will of course be understood that rock crystal or any other suitable transparent or translucent material would answer. It will further be observed that by embedding the pencil or filament in a solid it will be possible to use platinum or other similar material instead of carbon.

I am aware that it is not new to embed a carbon for an incandescent lamp in glass, and also that it has been proposed to surround the same with an outer casing or envelope closely adhering thereto, but leaving no space or air-chamber between the two, and do not claim such as forming part of my invention.

I am also aware of Patent No. 227,229, in which a device for producing an incandescent light is inclosed in a vacuum formed within a hermetically-sealed glass, and that said glass was surrounded by another hermetically-sealed glass, within which air was contained. This, however, I consider essentially different from any improvement in which the inner glass is kept in direct contact with the incandescent filament by the pressure of the air contained between the two glasses, and thus the inner glass immediately becomes heated, and heats at once the air between the glasses and forms a pressure therein whichv keeps the inner glass in constant contact with the ber.'

I am also aware of Patent No. 254,641, in which the filament is inclosed in a vacuum formed within a glass inclosed in another vacuum-chamber also formed in a glass.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. An electric lamp composed of a filament or pencil connected to a suitable source of electricity and embedded in solid glass surrounding and touching it at all points, in combination with a hermetically-sealed tube or globe surrounding the same to form a closed air-chamberinclosing the whole, where by the pressure of the air contained between said glass and globe serves to vcompress the solid or inner glass upon the iilament or pencil, substantially as described.

2. In an electric lamp, the globe F, the wires B C, the rings ct b, suspended within said globe by said wires, and two or more lamps supported by said rings and connected with said wires, substantially as described.

Toronto, November 10, 1884..

PHILIP K. STERN.

In presence of- C. G. BALDWIN, JAs. E. MAYBEE. 

